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This is the only change possible on an existing subscription. There is no price change, and no adding or removing a line: for that, cancel and recreate.
Allowed on an active or trialing subscription only.

What happens

The quantity is updated immediately: the next cycle is billed on the new quantity. What happens to the current cycle depends on the state:
The proration invoice is never charged automatically. It is created open, without a number, without an email and without a payment link, and no payment request goes out. It shows up in GET /v1/subscriptions/{id}/invoices. If you want to collect the proration, it is up to you to bill it another way; if you do not, ignore it.
A mid-period decrease credits nothing. The response message announces a credit “on the next invoice”; that credit is not implemented. The customer pays the current cycle on the old quantity, and the next one on the new.

The response

200
prorationAmount and prorationInvoice are absent when no proration applies. prorationAmount is negative on a decrease (without prorationInvoice).

Simulate before changing

GET /v1/subscriptions/{id}/upcoming-invoice?subscription_item_id=si_...&quantity=3 returns the proration preview without writing anything. See Invoices.

No event

This change emits no webhook — neither subscription.updated nor invoice.*. It is recorded in the subscription’s internal history (events[] on the detail, type quantity_updated).

Errors